Hunter's Supermoon or Super Hunter's Moon

 

The full moon during the evening of Wednesday, October 16, 2024 was the biggest and brightest of the year, also being classified as a "supermoon." A supermoon is a full moon at its closest approach--or perigee--to Earth. Full moons in the month of October are also known as "Hunter's Moons." The following images of the moon look east beside or over the old First Methodist Episcopal Church at 8th Avenue and 12th Street in Marion, Iowa. The above foreground image was captured at 7:02 pm CDT and is a 3 second exposure at f/7.1, ISO 125, 49mm focal length. The moon is a 1/400 second exposure, f/5, ISO 100, 70mm focal length.

6:56 pm. 1.6 second exposure at f/7.1, ISO 125, 70mm focal length.

6:54 pm. 1/320 second exposure at f/5.6, ISO 125, 70mm focal length. Nikon Z6ii camera.

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Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS--With a Short Window

Optimists for the Comet C/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS were predicting brightness surpassing the planet Venus and possibly being visible during the daylight. Reality was that the comet shone at a magnitude of about 3.3 for the northern hemisphere in late September (2024), and was viewed low in the eastern sky before dawn. It shifted to the evening sky on October 10 and made its closest approach to Earth on October 12---which was to be its brightest and best viewing evening. Alas, on October 11, 12 and 14 in the Cedar Rapids, Iowa metro area skies were overcast, precluding any possibility of seeing it on those dates. October 13 offered a brief opportunity to finally see it. On October 13 the comet was beginning to dim (magnitude 3), but I was still able to locate it with the naked eye after the sky began to darken. I had seen a locational graphic on the internet, showing its position roughly between the -3.97 magnitude planet Venus and the -0.07 magnitude star Arcturus. This proved to be very helpful as I had expected it to be closer to Venus. The image above, captured at 7:13 pm CDT, looks west from Lowe Park in Marion, Iowa  (42° 4'5.11"N,  91°36'17.06"W), and is a 5 second exposure at f/4, ISO 125, 37mm focal length. The identical image below contains helpful descriptions of the celestial bodies.

7:28 pm. Growing darkness reveals more of the comet and its tail. 3 second exposure at f/4, ISO 400, 59mm focal length.

7:32 pm. 4 second exposure at f/4, ISO 400, 59mm focal length. By 7:45 pm, the comet became more diffuse and dimmer as it dipped lower toward the horizon and its thicker atmosphere.

Cropped version of the image above it. I would view this comet as slightly less impressive than the Comet Neowise (2020). The best and brightest comet I have ever witnessed was Hale-Bopp in 1997, which peaked at magnitude -1.8, and coming in second was Comet Hyakutake, which peaked at magnitude 0 the year before. Major busts to the eye were the comets Kohoutek in 1973-74 and Halley in 1986. Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS continues to be visible in the evenings, but dims with each day. I won't wait around for it to return with a possible better appearance because that won't happen again for another 80,000 years! Nikon Z6ii camera.

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Severe Weather Over Eastern Iowa--From Space

 

During a time of active solar activity, a predicted event for Thursday, October 10, 2024 looked to be even better. The notification shown above from spaceweather.com on October 9, hinted at G4 to even G5 geomagnetic severe storm levels, which could produce communication disruptions and vivid auroral diplays (Northern Lights). 

6:49 pm CDT, Thursday, October 10, 2024. Evening is coming with clear skies, and I selected my aurora viewing location--about 1.1 miles east of Highway 13 northeast of Marion, Iowa (42° 4'18.79"N,  91°32'7.19"W) on Tower View Road. iPhone 11 camera.

7:03 pm. Solar wind data and auroral forecast the Auroral Alerts application, showing promising readings.

7:21 pm. Looking north. The faint shapes of aurora are starting to materialize, despite light disruption from a half-moon. 8 second exposure at f/4, ISO 320, 24mm focal length.

7:32 pm. Looking north. Light pillars from the brightening aurora are becoming evident. 15 second exposure at f/4, ISO 320, 24mm focal length.

7:46 pm. Looking north. Some violet pillars form (left). 13 second exposure at f/4, ISO 500, 24mm focal length.

7:52 pm. Solar wind data and auroral forecast. Note the area of severity in the right panel (red).

8:08 pm. More pillars are forming as the aurora intensifies. 10 second exposure at f/4, ISO 500, 24mm focal length.

8:32 pm. Solar wind data and auroral forecast. Severe red areas have penetrated the northern tier states of the U.S.

8:34 pm. Looking northwest. Red aurora are beginning to form in the geomagnetic storm. Red auroras are caused when solar particles "excite" oxygen atoms at higher altitudes--indicating strong activity, while greens are from oxygen atoms at lower altitudes. 13 second exposure at f/4, ISO 500, 24mm focal length.

8:43 pm. Looking northwest. 20 second exposure at f/4, ISO 200, 24mm focal length.

8:46 pm. Looking north. Brighter auroras beginning to form as storm intensifies. 15 second exposure at f/4, ISO 320, 24mm focal length.

8:52 pm. Looking northwest. Reds, violets and greens showing. 20 second exposure at f/4, ISO 250, 24mm focal length.

8:51 pm solar wind data and 9:04 pm auroral forecast.

8:55 pm. Similar view looking northwest. 20 second exposure at f/4, ISO 200, 24mm focal length.

8:57 pm. Similar view. Red auroras intensifying. 20 second exposure at f/4, ISO 160, 24mm focal length.

9:00 pm. Looking northeast. Reds and greens in bright aurora display. 20 second exposure at f/4, ISO 160, 24mm focal length. 6 second exposure at f/4, ISO 500, 24mm focal length.

9:04 pm. Looking north. Blends of reds and greens. Aurora is exhibiting a "curtain" look. 13 second exposure at f/4, ISO 200, 24mm focal length.

9:09 pm. Looking northwest. Note the Big Dipper at right. 15 second exposure at f/4, ISO 160, 24mm focal length.

9:16 pm. Looking northwest. Storm intensity is beginning to subside. Shortly after this image was captured, I returned home. This geomagnetic storm was comparable to the April 23, 2023 event, but since this time there was a half-moon disrupting the dark skies, I was not able to witness what I called in 2023 "ripples in the atmosphere phenomena." The storm continued at diminished levels through the night. 15 second exposure at f/4, ISO 125, 24mm focal length. Nikon Z6ii camera.

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